Origin of agriculture - Introduction

Before agriculture, people lived by hunting animals and gathering wild edible plants. When the flocks were numerous, and flowering plants, life was good. But when the cattle to other places, people had to go and they often discover a new set of plants to supplement their diet.

Hunter finally realized that their prey was much easier to kill if they walls in a canyon. Even better, it would be, you could catch prey and hold it in a cave for future use. Archaeological finds show that early humans giant sloths sloth is caught that way. Overcrowding, but was to be a temporary measure. Do not think about the future, the people starve themselves satisfied, and then, if everything eaten was lazy, lazy looking. Maintenance of discipline and care is not yet operational.

This feast-or lifestyle of hunger had its certain drawbacks, including hunger. Luckily, some genius in the world finally discovered a way to dry the meat, smoking, over the fire, or keep cooking. some others realized that they decided to plant seeds, which were eaten and dispersed around the new plants.Eventually was held, the people, that life would be much easier if they always had animals with them, and if the edible plants and their products always available. Settling seemed a good idea.



Resolve to grow so that people came in a place where they are animals, pets and their food plants consumption.Thus settle in one place is the first step in the formation of the archaeological site agriculture.Recent beginning of agriculture up to 7000 BC . and the domestication of animals (mostly used as hunting dogs Assistant) for thousands of years before. There is some evidence that people Shanidar was in Kurdistan, the domestication of sheep and planting wheat as early as 9800 BC .


Intensive food collection in which the inhabitants of a region established permanent residences and made full use of existing systems, seems to start in the Middle East by 9000 - 7000 BCThere any way have begun for certain how plant know really got. But archaeologists have many theories.

One theory is that some seeds were memorable cast during the migration. When the next tribe lived in the same place, could spill seed associated with the sudden richness of the plant. They could see that she was able to save seeds and plants, and be sure to have a food supply. Later he began to choose and plant the seeds of the plant with the highest performance. Thus, plants were domesticated, changed and controlled for the benefit of the people and not just occur in nature.

At the same time, developments in agriculture, as described above, people began to tame the wild ox and sheep beware. Remains of a hunting dog dates back to 8500 BC have been found in North America's rich harvest of domesticated plants allows a significant increase in the population. By allowing all their own plants and animals in one place by the farmer from the caves and shelters at random or semi-permanent move to villages with houses made of stone, wood or reeds.



One example is the biblical city of Jericho. It began as a nation to 9000 BC, and has a solution of one kind or another since time immemorial. In 5000 a. C, the Euphrates valley of villages and towns were full. The municipalities provide central storage services, the practice of religion and the administration, that people are not able to solve. These cities were the Sumerian civilization.At while their subjects were similar to the Nile Valley and the valleys of the rivers in China and India.

Pineapple fruit - Uses & Benifits

Pineapple is one of those foods that is still safe to eat. Meet a good juicy ripe pineapple is a sweet and envy than any chocolate bar. Besides being a delicious meal, there are many health benefits of pineapple.

• The benefits of pineapple are all the vitamins and minerals is loaded with fruit. The nutrients include calcium, potassium, fiber and vitamin C. In addition, it can be low in fat and cholesterol.The benefits of pineapple with a diet of fresh pineapple, canned or frozen or drink its juice to be achieved.

• One of the benefits of pineapple is that it strengthens the bones healthy. Pineapples are rich in manganese, a trace mineral that is for your body to build bone and connective tissue necessary. A cup of pineapple provides 73% of the recommended daily intake of manganese. The benefits of pineapple can effect the bone growth in young and strengthening of bones in the elderly.

• While many people often take vitamin C or drink more orange juice if they look a little cold to eat pineapple. The benefits of pineapple when you have a cold or cough are the same as the benefits of orange juice, but there is another advantage of the pineapple. Bromelain, found in pineapples, has been shown to help suppress coughs and phlegm to solve.

• The pineapple is an aid to digestion and an anti-inflammatory fruit. A group of sulfur-containing proteolytic digestive enzymes of pineapple. Fresh pineapple bromelain rich. Bromelain has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory, thus swelling in inflammatory diseases such as acute sinusitis, sore throat.

• Pineapples are used to help heal bronquitis and sore throats. It is effective in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and anemia. Pineapples are rich in manganese and a cup of pineapple provides 73% of the recommended daily intake of manganese. This facilitates bone growth in young and strengthening of bones in the elderly.

• Pineapple has been as good for heart disease and should not people with haemophilia or persons that are used, kidneys and liver. This is because it seems the time required for blood clotting can - that's why it's useful for heart patients should be reduced. Pineapple could be useful for women with menstrual problems. Choose ripe fruit of good color for pineapples are not sweet in storage when they are picked green.

• Pineapple has been shown that for maintaining the good health of the eyes will be important and the protection against age-related eye diseases. There are even beneficial molecules hidden in the stems of pineapples. These molecules have been seen to act as a defense against various cancers.

Pineapple - Nature & Growth

The pineapple is the best known member and most economically important family of pineapple Bromeliaceae. It is the only bromeliad with edible fruits. The family is almost exclusively New World, with over 2000 species, over the pineapple, a native of tropical America. Another African species.

The pineapples are now in the tropics. Pineapple plants are perennials grow from a thick crown near the soil surface. They reach a height of 4 feet, with many rigid 3 meter long leaves often armed with sharp edges.

The pineapple is not really a fruit at all but is a mass of individual fruits, stem central adherent. Therefore, the carpel is at the top has. In fact, the continued growth of the stem longer, when the berries are not attached.Pineapples from seed. Pineapples are easily propagated vegetatively, with crowns, slips, or suckers.

The crown is pushed in vegetative fruit and allow new plants to 2 years to fruit. Short lateral shoots are a little less fruit. Plants from slipping to 20 months to produce fruit. Suckers are the side shoots that grow from the main trunk on the ground, and 17 months time to produce fruit.

Once a pineapple flower, it is still six months, the ripe fruit. Growing pineapples in fruit is certainly a long-term process.The result is ready to enter when yellow.Once apply if the first pair of pineapple cultivation it becomes easier and faster. A ripe pineapple plant produces lots of offspring and the suckers and slips much fruit more quickly.

Each plant produces a fruit spread to the head of the tribe. The fruit of high quality is known to crop production. After the fruit is harvested, to develop several suckers and a year later, producing volunteer "crops. The fruits are smaller and lower quality. A ratoon crop second can develop after the first crop is harvested.

Then, the field is dug up and replanted. The quality of the pineapple is at its best only when the fruit ripens on the plant. They are not sweet, are used to harvest when converted since it does not preserve the strength of beet sugar. The sugar content must come from the rest of the plant.

Pineapples are 15% sugar to the apple and citric acid. In areas near where it is grown, fermented wine pineapple. It is not easy to store, so it is rarely seen outside the tropics. Pineapple contains bromelain, a protein digesting and milk clotting enzyme pepsin only. Bromelain is used commercially for meat and chill-proof beer, soft. The bromelain may be for faith, account, pineapples are good for our digestion.

Mango fruits are oval-shaped egg with a skin soft and supple. Skin is usually a combination of green, red and yellow. The flesh is bright orange interior and soft, with a large, shallow pit in middle.Mango fruits are green when they unripe.The fruits at the end of a long pole stringlike sometimes grow with two or more types of fruit stalk.

The fruits are 2 to 9 cm long and May are kidney shaped, oval or round. They range in size from 8 ounces to about 24 ounces. The flower scar at the top is important, bulging fruit in some varieties. The leathery skin is waxy and smooth, and full maturity pale green or yellow with red, depending on variety. It is not edible and contains a sap that irritates some people. Fruit quality is about the scarcity of fiber and minimal turpentine taste.

The meat is peachlike mango and juicy, with kidney shaped fibers, more or less the membrane envelope of the single large seed. Fibers are pronounced in fruits grown with hard water and chemical fertilizers. The flavor is pleasant and rich and high in sugars and acids.

The seed in May or a single embryo, which produces different polyembryonic a seedling or seedlings that are identical, but not always for the parent type. It is impossible to tell true-to-type from zygotic seedlings from the same fruit. Some plants produce many small parthenocarpic fruits that develop and not to cancel. Mango trees tend to alternate bear.

Mango is rich in a variety of phytochemicals, nutritional and health value. The fruit is rich prebiotic dietary fiber, vitamin C, polyphenols and carotenoids.Mangos an excellent source of vitamin C and A, both important antioxidants. Vitamin C strengthens the immune system in health and education of collagen.

Vitamin A is for vision and bone growth.Mangos important are a good source of fiber. Diet low in fat and contain rich in fiber, grain products, fruits and vegetables are associated with reduced risk of certain types of cancer.Mangos contain more than 20 vitamins and minerals.

Peel the mango contains pigments that anti-oxidant properties in May, as carotenoids, such as provitamin A compound, beta-carotene, lutein and alpha-carotene, polyphenols such as quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechins and tannins.

Potassium improves the mango regular heart rhythm, muscle contraction and blood pressure. The appropriate use of potassium can reduce the effect of sodium increase blood pressure and like to contribute to the decrease due to the danger of anti-inflammatory stroke.The Mango Fruit can relieve asthma symptoms.

Mango tree - nature & features

Mango trees are deep rooted, symmetrical evergreens that attain heights of 90 m and a width of 80 feet. The switch just mango leaves lanceolate, 12 to 16 centimeters long and are yellow-green, purple or copper color when young.

Mature leaves are leathery, shiny dark green in color. The new leaves arise in terminal growth of puffs that occur several times a year. Terminal branches of mature bears pyramidal flower panicles that have several hundreds of white flowers, the width of a 1 / 4 inches when they are open. Most function as male flowers with pollen, but some are bisexual and fruiting. Pollination by flies, wasps and bees.

The fruit weighs about 1 / 4 pound to 3 pounds. Fruit may be round, oval, or obovate, depending on variety. The unripe fruit is green, the skin becomes progressively yellow, orange, purple, red, or combinations of these colors as the fruit ripens. Mature fruits have a distinctive odor and a smooth, thin, hard skin.

The ripe mango pulp is pale yellow to orange. The flesh is juicy, sweet and sometimes fibrous. Some undesirable plants or varieties are described as holding a wide-turpentine flavor. The fruit is a seed that has stabilized and adheres to the meat. The seeds contain one or more embryos depending on the variety or type.

Mango can be eaten raw as a fruit dessert or processed into various products. The ripe fruit can be sliced and canned or processed into juice, jams, jellies, jams and nectars. Eastern and Asian cultures use green mangoes for pickles, mango chutney and relishes.unripe be sliced, dried and powdered amchoor used cooking.flour is made of mango seeds. The seeds are also eaten in times of food shortage. The wood is used for boats, flooring, furniture and other applications.

These plants are mostly authentic, and May, the seeds are grown without the need for grafting.Grafted trees grow more slowly than the seedling trees and are often smaller. The grafted trees produce fruit usually 3 to 5 years occur in arid areas, while seedling trees usually less than five years in storage.

Mango trees can remain in production for 40 years or more. Inarching is sometimes done to increase the varieties of mango, and older trees may be topworked. Mangoes are not propagated by cuttings or air layering, because the resulting weakly rooted trees.

Guava fruit - Hub of health benifits

Guava is a tropical fruit that is shaped like a pear, with green flesh and pink or white rind and small seeds. Some people say that Guava is better than orange because guava contains more vitamin C than oranges and mangoes, is much cheaper than orange.

• Guava help control diabetes, protect the prostate, its Lypocene reduces the risk of cancer, the juice of the leaves cures toothache, swollen gums and heals ulcers, wounds when used externally, convulsions, epilepsy, bacterial infections.

• Guava can surpass many other fruits, including oranges and other citrus, too, if caused by the concentration of vitamin C, scurvy and the lack of which is the only way for her. It contains five times more vitamin C of oranges.

• Guava is very useful for those who want to lose weight without reducing their intake of protein, vitamins and fiber. Guava is very high and forage rich in vitamins, protein and minerals but no cholesterol and less digestible carbohydrates, fills very satisfied appetite and very easily.

• Guava reduces cholesterol and prevents blood thickening, making the blood flow and reducing blood pressure. Studies have shown that dietary fiber, which are not adding blood pressure by rapid conversion to sugar. Guava, very rich in fiber and helps hypoglycemic in nature, reduce blood pressure.

• Guava can improve skin structure and preventing skin problems is more than the best creams or gels can make the skin toner. This is mainly due to the abundance of astringents in fruits and leaves of guava. Guava is very, very rich in vitamin A, B, C and potassium, a very good anti-oxidant and detoxifying and keep you, your skin radiant and free of aging, wrinkles and other problems.

• Juice of raw mango and blackberries or decoction of guava leaves is very useful for the relief effect on the cough and cold remedies to resolve the cough, reducing phlegm, disinfection of respiratory, throat and lungs and inhibits microbial activity due to its astringent properties. Guava is one of the richest in vitamin C and iron, which proved to be a prevention against cold and viral infections.

• Guava is one of the sources of fiber wealth. Its seeds, if chewed or swallowed whole, serving as an excellent laxative. These two properties of guava help make the intestine, they retain water and cleanse your intestines and excretory system thoroughly. It is said that constipation may lead some to more than 70 complaints.

• Guava is very rich in astringents that binds to lose in the bowels of diarrhea. These astringents are curable in nature and alkali disinfectants and antibacterial properties and help dysentery by inhibiting microbial growth and removing extra mucus in the intestines. In addition, other nutrients in guava grows stronger, like vitamin C, carotenoids and potassium, and strengthens the digestive system.

Guava tree - A natural tree

Guava is a shrub or tree, shadow, in general, grows naturally often in private gardens in the tropics. Guava trees grow normally up to a height of four meters and has large leaves with visible veins. The leaves grow in pairs opposite each other on the thin, but the company has also planted branches.The small white flowers that have multiple colors tamen likely smoothing or pear-shaped, yellowish fruits, meat, guava seeds.The Ensemble apink or yellowish color and is very tasty and nutritious. The most important thing is that the fruit rich in vitamin C content .

The guava is a perennial, with a pile of leaves and therefore provides an excellent shade while the leaves of the plant have therapeutic properties. The fruits of this kind can be eaten fresh when ripe or used for the preparation of beverages, ice cream and thickened to jam, jelly or jam to make. In the Amazon region, fertile, a cat, you can reach a height of 20 meters and fruits, are important in the size of a tennis ball. However, the nature of the commercial cultivation of guava trees and shrubs usually grow to a height of 10 meters and fruits that look like lemons on the trees size.Guava are different because they are usually thin, soft copper tones bark revealed a green layer under peeling.

Although guava is an important product in international trade, which grows abundantly in tropical climates, and to provide food to provide hundreds of millions of people in tropical regions worldwide. This species has spread to the entire world, and naturalized in the tropics, due to a number of reasons. Guava is transmitted primarily by seed, but the tree can be grown by grafting.

The plant is not only able, in a variety of soils and spreads easily flourish. There are also easily and in abundance. Since each of the guava contains several seeds, it can give to many fruit orchards in the space of just four years. In the Amazon rain forest monkeys and birds thrive happily in the ripe fruit and mangoes for the dissemination of seeds to bear fruit in their feces. Therefore, we find a group of spontaneous growth of guava shrubs or trees in the region.

Cured guava eaten raw and tastes delicious. The fruit is cut into slices and include salads and desserts. In many parts of the world, cooked, guava and a strong odor when you cooked.In the tropics, people use the leaves, roots, bark and unripe fruit of the guava gastroenteritis, dysentery and diarrhea because of its astringent properties halting. While the leaves of guava paste are externally injuriesulcers in painful places and body applied, tender leaves of the tree are chewed to relieve and treat disease, bleeding gums toothaches.

A decoction of guava leaves is willing widely believed to have prepared to treat the neck and chest problems.The decoction of guava leaves proved to be very effective to stop the vomiting and diarrhea in patients with guava wood is widely used in turning and Carpenter used